The if-Statement

1. Selective execution of a group of statements based on a certain condition can be done using the if-statement
   
   
2. The syntax of the if-statement is:
   
   if (Boolean_Expression)
        Yes_statement
   
   The Boolean expression is first evaluated to see if it is true or false. If it is true then the Yes_statement is executed, otherwise it is not executed. In either case control is passed on to the statement that follows the if-block.
   
   The single Yes_statement can be replaced by a compound statement. A compound statement is simply a group of statements enclosed by { and }. Note that there is no semi-colon after the right braces.
   
   
3. For example, the following code:
   
   if (number_of_sales > target)
       Salary += bonus;
   cout << "Salary = " << Salary << endl;
   
   adds the bonus money to the salary only if the number of sales exceed the target number, and in any case always prints out the salary.
   
   
4. A slightly more complicated case:
   
   if (number_of_sales > target)
   {
       Salary += bonus;
       cout << "Congratulation for a job well-done!" << endl;
   }
   cout << "You salary this month is: " << Salary << endl;
   
   adds the bonus money to the salary and print out a congratulatory statement only if the number of sales exceed the target number. In any case the salary is always printed out.