The break- and the continue-Statements

1. The break-statement can be used within a loop to exit it prematurely.
   
   
2. When the break-statement is executed within a loop, the loop ends immediately and execution continues with the statement following the loop statement.
   
   
3. In a nested loop, the break statement interrupts only the loop it is placed in.
   
   
4. The following example from the textbook illustrates how the break-statement is used:
   
   // Sums up to 10 negative numbers entered from the keyboard,
   // or until a positive number is entered.
   // Make sure that the positive number is not included in computing the sum
   
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   int main( )
   {
      int number, sum = 0, count = 0;
      cout << "Enter 10 negative numbers:\n";
   
      while (++count <= 10)
      {
         cin >> number;
   
         if (number >= 0)
         {
            cout << "ERROR: positive number"
               << " or zero was entered as the\n"
               << count << "the number! Input ends "
               << "with the " << count << "th number.\n"
               << count << "the number was not added in.\n";
            break;
         }
   
         sum = sum + number;
      }
   
      cout << sum << " is the sum of the first "
               << (count - 1) << " numbers.\n";
   
      return 0;
   }
   
   
5. This is another example illustrating how the break-statement is used in a for-loop:
   
   // Using the break statement in a for loop.
   
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   int main( )
   {
      int number;
   
      for ( number = 1; number <= 10; number++)
      {
         // if number is 5, terminate the loop
   
         if (number == 5)
         {
            break;
         }
   
         cout << number << " ";
      }
      cout << "\nBroke out of loop when number became " << number << endl;
   
      return 0;
   }
   
   The output:
   
   1 2 3 4
   Broke out of loop when number became 5
   
   
6. The continue statement, when executed within a while, for or do-while structure, skips the remaining statements in the body of that structure and proceeds with the next iteration of the loop. In while and do-while structures, the loop-continuation test evaluates immediately after the continue statement executes. In the for structure, the increment expression executes, then the loop-continuation test evaluates.
   
   
7. The following example illustrates how the continue-statement is used in a for loop:
   
   // Using the continue statement in a for loop.
   
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   int main( )
   {
      int number;
   
      for ( number = 1; number <= 10; number++)
      {
         // if number is 5, skip that round of the loop
   
         if (number == 5)
         {
            continue;
         }
   
         cout << number << " ";
      }
      cout << "\nUsed continue to skip printing the value 5" << endl;
   
      return 0;
   }
   
   The output:
   1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
   Used continue to skip printing the value 5